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Pratik İngilizce Gramer Dersleri - İngilizce Konu Anlatımları, İngilizce Test, İngilizce ...
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Online ingilizce dersleri, ingilizce gramer, ingilizce chat, ingilizce kelimeler, ingilizce eğitim setleri, kitap özetleri, İngilizce Sözlük, Şarkı Sözleri

İngilizce Kelime Ezberleme, Teknikleri, Kolay Yolları

KOLAYCA KELÄ°ME EZBERLEYELÄ°M !

Ses benzetmeleriyle, veya aklımızda bir resim hayal edip bu resimle yeni öÄŸreneceÄŸmiz kelime arasında neÅŸeli bir baÄŸlantı kurarak "zorlu" kelimeleri kolayca ezberleyebiliriz.

Ben birkaç örnekle baÅŸlıyorum. Siz de yeni kelimeler ekleyebilirsiniz:

ABANDON (Vazgeçmek)
Abinin donunu giymekten vazgeç.

EXECUTE (Ä°dam etmek)
Enseye küt )

CHOP (Çap,çap kesmek)
Çap, çap, çap, çap

METICULOUS (Kılı kırk yaran, hassas,kıl)
Metin, çok kılız

AFRAID (Korkmak)
Fredi'nin kabusu

ARCH (Su kemeri)
Ark

ABSENT (Yok)
Abi sent (abi gitti, yok)

ACCIDENT (Kaza)
Hay aksi

ORPHAN (Öksüz)
Vah öksüz Orhan

YIELD (Ürün)
Yılda bir ürün

SLENDER (Ä°nce uzun)
Kıza bak, üstünden silindir geçmiÅŸ gibi ince.

POLITE (Nazik, kibar)
Polat'lı Kibariye

OBEY (Ä°taat etmek)
O bey çok otorite, ittaat etmek gerek.

APPALLED (Afallamış, şaşırmış)

THRILLED (Şaşırmış, titremiş)
Tiril tiril titremiÅŸ

ALLOCATE (Tahsis etmek)
Alo Kate, bize bir masa tahsis et !

BELLIGERENT (DüÅŸman, savaÅŸan)
Beli kırılası düÅŸman

ADVOCATE (Avukat)

AFFLUENT (Zengin)
Ahülen, bir zengin olsam

COACH (Otobüs)
Kamil Koç

TRIVIAL (Önemsiz)
Tırı vırı

COUNTEFEIT (Kalpazanlık yapmak, para basmak)
Kandırma len, Ferit (Ferit kalpazan yani)

EMBEZZLEMENT (Zimmete para geçeirmek)
Zimmet

BRUTAL (Hayvani, kaba)
Sen de mi, Brutus? (Brutus de bıçağı saplıyor)

PERMANENT (Kalıcı)
Perma

DELIBERATE (Kasıtlı)
Deli Berat, kasıtlı yaptı !

REVENUE (Gelir)
Revani sattık, gelir yaptık

OBSTINATE (Ä°natçı)
Abisi inat

ESSENTIAL (Åžart,gerekli)
Esas

HIJACK (Uçak kaçırmak)
Hi, Jack, hadi uçak kaçıralım.

PERISH (Ölmek, yokolmak)
PeriÅŸan olmak

principal-main- ana, esas

prinç plavın ana maddesidir.

ELECTÄ°ON (SEÇÄ°M):
(KIZIM ELE ÅžU BULGURLARI)
SWERVE (YOLDAN ÇIKMAK,SAPMAK,ÖDÜN VERMEK)
(AHMET BAÅžKA SÄ°GARA VÖRME YOLDAN ÇIKTIK YAV)

SWÄ°LL ( ÇALKALAMAK , DURULAMAK , KAFAYI ÇEKMEK)
(SÄ°VÄ°LCE ÇIKINCA KAFAYI ÇEK ,SONRA SUYLA DURULAN BELKÄ° GEÇEBÄ°LÄ°R )

PERSECUTE (EZÄ°YET ETMEK,ACI ÇEKTÄ°RMEK)
(PERS KRALI KÜT DÄ°YE DÜÅžTÜÄžÜ Ä°ÇÄ°N HALKA ACI ÇEKTÄ°RMEK NE ACI)

KÄ°CK UP A ROW ( YERÄ° GÖÄžÜ Ä°NLETMEK,HIR ÇIKARMAK,GÜRÜLTÜ YAPMAK)
(KÄ°TAPA KOY DA HIR ÇIKARMASIN SONRA GÜRÜLTÜ YAPAR ORTALIKTA)

eliminate (elimine etmek, elemek)
elimine et

DETER (engellemek, vazgeçirmek)
engellemeye çalışmazsan BETER ol

FOSTER : (Üvey)
Jodie Foster üvey kardeÅŸimizdir... )

BORDER : (Sınır, kenar)
Kumaşın kenarına bordör çekelim.

PIGEON : (Güvercin)
Pijamalı bir güvercin uçsun bakalım.

IRRESPONSIBLE : ( Sorumsuz)
Ben ÅŸöyle okuyorum: (iRRRRResponsible), o halde soRRRRRRumsuz !

DREARY : (Sıkıcı)
Dır dır dır, ne sıkıcı

Verdict : Hüküm
Biz hüküm verdik

GREEDY (Açgözlu, Tamahkar) - Adjectıve
Harıta üzerinde yunanlıların ege adalarınıda haritadaki kendi renkleri olan grı rengıne benzeterek, açgözluluk ve tamahkarlıkla, AAAAA! bunlar gri degılmiydi demesi size GREEDY i hatırlatır sanırım.

 

CONTRAMÄ°NED= Pollition
Kontrolsüz minareller kirliliÄŸe sebep olur

 

vie = yarış
vay benimle yarışıyorsun haa

violate=ihlal
vay ilet demek ihlal edersin

hinder=engellemek
Ark. bir hindir ki beni engelledi

 

snatch(sınatç):kapmak
manda yuva yapmış söÄŸüt dalına,yavrusunu sinek KAPMIÅž

inhale(inheyl):sigara vb. içmek,içine çekmek
kızının yukarıda sigare içtiÄŸini gören anne; Ä°N HALE aÅŸağıya sigara içmek saÄŸlığa zaralıdır.

nourish(nuriÅŸ):büyütmek
çocuk büyütmektenden bunalan nuriyeye annesi "ee... çocuk büyütmek zordur nuriÅŸ " der

Flashcards, İngilizce Kelime Kartları

1- Paketi indir.
2- Kelimelerin grup grup ayrıldığını gör.
3- "Word List" dosyasını bul. Bu dosyada var olan bütün kelimeleri listeledim.
4- Dosya adlarıyla "FLASHCARD" dizilerini eşleştir. FLASHCARD'ların arkasına yazabilirsiniz.
5- Kelimeleri ezberlemeye baÅŸla.

Ä°yi çalışmalar.

FLASHCARDS

Ä°ndir: http://englishoffice.org/download/FLASHCARDS.zip

Mini Örnek:

PAKETTE AÅžAÄžIDAKÄ° LÄ°STEDE BULUNAN BÜTÜN KELÄ°MELERÄ°N FLASHCARD'LARINI BULABÄ°LÄ°RSÄ°NÄ°Z:

a1verbs

cry, dance, dive, draw, fish, fly, hug, jump, open, play, point,
ride, run, sing, skate, water ski, skip, swim

a2verbs

argue, bite, bounce, build, carry, catch, clap, drive, drop,
hop, laugh, pull, push, scream, sit down, smile, stand up, throw

a3verbs

argue, bite, bounce, build, carry, catch, clap, drive, drop,
hop, laugh, pull, push, scream, sit down, smile, stand up, throw

adj1

young, slow, fast, small, big, strong, weak, happy, mad,
friendly, unfriendly, sad, soft, hard, tall, short, shy, old

adj2

sharp, dull, long, short, new, old, quiet, loud, messy, tidy,
thin, thick, high, low, geeky, heavy, light, cool, bad, good,
handsome, ugly, poor, rich, beautiful, difficult, easy, heavy,
thin, empty, full, clean, dirty

adj3
friendly/unfriendly, sharp/dull, long/short, old/new, hard/soft,
tall/short, loud/quiet, young/old, fast/slow, messy/tidy,
thick/thin, cool/geeky, big/small, light/heavy, weak/strong,
good/bad, handsome/ugly, poor/rich, mad/happy, beautiful/ugly,
difficult/easy, heavy/thin, full/empty, clean/dirty

animals
lion, dog, cat, mouse, sheep, fish, frog, turtle, rabbit, chick,
chicken, whale, bird, giraffe, horse, cat

body1
arm, ear, eye, feet, finger, fingers, foot, hair, hand, leg,
mouth, neck, nose, shoulders, teeth, toe, toes, tongue

body2
ankle, back, beard, belly, elbow, hip, knee, neck, thumb

body3
head, cheek, chin, ears, eye, eyebrow, eyelash, eyes, hair,

lips, moustache, tooth

daily activites1
brush teeth, exercise, get dressed, go to school, go to sleep,
make lunch, play a game, play soccer, play an instrument, run,
study, take a bath, take a shower, take out the trash, talk on
the telephone, walk the dog, wash hair, wash hands

daily activites2
sleep, take a shower, go to bed, wash face, brush hair, wake up,
eat dinner, floss, take a bath, eat breakfast, eat lunch, shave,
comb hair, make dinner, make lunch, make breakfast, brush teeth,
put on makeup, get dressed

emotions1
excited, happy, hot, nervous, fine, sad, scared, sick, tired

emotions2
bored, nervous, miserable, angry, frightened/shocked, confused,

surprised, scared, happy, in love, tired/drunk, sad

emotions3
bored, happy, sad, scared, crazy/goofy, tired, angry, upset,

confused

family
baby brother, baby sister, brother, family, father, father and
baby, father and daughter, father and son, grandfather,
grandmother, mother, sister

food plural
bananas, cookies, eggs, hamburgers, hot dogs, onions, peppers,
pies, sandwiches, strawberries, tomatoes

food uncount
bread, broccoli, cheese, chocolate milk, curry, honey, juice,
milk, noodles, pizza, rice, salsa, soup, spaghetti, steak

Halloween
vampires, pumpkins, jack o' lanterns, bats, witches, witch's
hat, haunted house, spider and web, Frankenstein, trick or
treater, ghosts, skull, monster, mummy, cats, skeleton, grave,
mask

health1
stomachache, earache, headache, sneeze, broken arm, injured
elbow, broken nose, fever, cough, new baby, broken finger
(splint), runny nose, cut

health2
medicine, bandage, wheelchair, hospital, scales,
needle/shot/injection/syringe, cough syrup, doctor, nurse,
crutches, eye chart, thermometer, bandages

jobs1
actor, actress, artist, astronaut, bus driver, cashier, chef,
dentist, doctor, farmer, firefighter, fisherman, mail carrier,
mechanic, musician, nurse, painter, pilot, police officer, taxi
driver, teacher, waiter

jobs2
barber, businessperson, butcher, carpenter, construction worker,
dancers, delivery person, DJ / disk jockey, electrician,
florist, garbage man / sanitation worker, hairdresser /
beautician, janitor, newscaster, photographer, plumber,
reporter, scientist, secretary, tailor, truck driver, waitress

jobs3
accountant, archeologist, architect, coach, conductor, lawyer,
life guard, lumberjack, miner, model, eye doctor / optometrist,
pharmacist, preacher, computer programmer, psychologist, real
estate agent, sales person, seamstress, security guard, vet /
veterinarian, weather person / meteorologist, welder

places1
apartments, bakery, bank, barber shop, bus stop, church, cinema,
coffee shop, concert hall, fire station, furniture store, gas
station, health club, hospital, hotel, ice cream shop, jewelry
store, night club, pet shop, pharmacy, police station, post
office, restaurant, temple

places2
airport, backyard, beach, bus stop, farm, cave, cinema, circus,
city, desert, dump/landfill, forest, frozen pond, igloo,island,
mountain, park, playground, school, ocean, sidewalk, snowhill,
stadium, street, supermarket, swimming pool, toy store, zoo

prepositions-1
above, across from, behind, below, between, in, in front of,
into, near, next to, on, out of, over, under

rooms-1
house, garage, dining room, living room, kitchen, girl's
bedroom, boy's bedroom, basement, laundry room

school-objects-1
chalkboard, book, books, chair, chairs, desk, English book,
eraser, erasers, globe, history book, knife, math book,
microscope, notebook, notebooks, pen, pencil, pencil case,
school supplies, pencils, pens, ruler, rulers, school, pencil
sharpener

seasons-weather-1
hot, tornado, pleasant, rainbow, tsunami, cold, summer, fall,
sunny, winter, raining, snowing, windy, spring, snowy,
lightning, night, cloudy

sports
archery, baseball, basketball, bobsledding, cycling, diving,
downhill skiing, fencing, figure skating, football, golf,
gymnastics, hockey, horseback riding, kick boxing,
running/marathon running, martial arts, relay race,
paddling/kayaking, soccer, speed skating, swimming, tennis,
volleyball, weight lifting, cross country skiing

Sports Actions Flashcards
balance, block, bounce, catch, dribble, hit, kick, lift, pass,
pitch, pull up, push, push up, putt, run, score, serve, shoot,
sit up, skip, slide, stretch, swing/miss, throw

sports-equipment-1
baseball bat and ball, birdie/shuttlecock, bow and arrow,
bowling ball and pins, cleats, goggles, golf bag, helmet, hockey
stick, ice skates, inline skates/rollerblades, baseball glove,
net/goal, pads, tennis racket, saddle, ski, ski boots, snorkel
and goggles, stopwatch, swords, ping-pong / tables tennis
paddles, golf tee, uniform, volleyball, weights, wet suit

Sports Vocabulary
baseball bats, glove and ball, baseball hat, football /
basketball / soccer ball / hockey puck / baseball / tennis ball,
baseball stadium, caddy, catcher, ski lift, coach, coach and
players, fans / crowd, checkered flag, golf range/course,
pitcher, referee/umpire, soccer stadium, whistle

St. Patrick's Day
four leaf clover, leprechaun, beer, flute, Irish flag, rainbow,
pot of gold, leprechaun hat
Thanksgiving, corn, hay, pilgrims, native americans, turkey, Santa Maria, pie,
scarecrow, cornucopia, pilgrim's hat

Valentine's Day
cards, chocolates, teddy bear, candy, roses, gift card, bouquet,
make Valentine's cards, Cupid, wrap a gift, give a Valentine's
Day card, give a Valentine's Day gift, ring, shy

KPDS'DE ÇIKAN KELİMELER - 1

KPDS'DE ÇIKAN KELÄ°MELER - 1

Abandon: terk etmek, vazgeçmek, bırakmak
Abrogate: yürürlükten kaldırmak, (bir kanuna veya anlaÅŸmaya) son vermek
Abruptly: aniden; ani ve nezaketsiz biçimde
Absolute tam, mutlak, kesin; tamamen
Abstract: soyut
Absurd: saçma, gülünç
Abundant: bol, çok
Accomplish: baÅŸarma, tamamlama
Accord: uzlaÅŸma
Accordingly: buna göre
Accountant: muhasebeci
Accurate: kesin, doğru, yanlışsız
Accused: sanık
Accustomed: alışkın, alışılmış, her zamanki
Achieve: baÅŸarma, elde etme
Acknowledgement: onay, kabul etme, tasdik
Acute: keskin (düÅŸünce), ÅŸiddetli; dar açı; çok çabuk tehlikeli bir biçime gelen hastalık
Adapt: uyum saÄŸlamak
Addicted: bağımlı, tiryaki
Addiction: bağımlılık
Additional: ilave, ek
Adequate: yeterli, uygun, elveriÅŸli
Adjust: ayarlamak, uydurmak, uymak
Adjustable: ayarlanabilir, uyarlanabilir
Administrate: yönetmek, idare etmek
Admirable: takdire deÄŸer
Advanced: ilerlemiÅŸ, ileri
Affable Agreeable: rahat, dostça, anlaşılabilir
Affair: olay, mesele, sorun
Affectionate: müÅŸfik, sevecen
Affluent Wealthy: varlıklı
Agreeable: razı, hoş, iyi
Aid; yardım
Aisle:sıralar arası, yol, geçenek
Alliance: ittifak
Ally: müttefik, dost
Alter: Change
Ambiguous: müphem, birden fazla anlama gelebilen
Amend: düzeltme, deÄŸiÅŸtirme
Ample: gerektiÄŸinden çok, bol
Annual: yıllık, yıldönümü
Anticipate: tahmin etmek, ve ona göre davranmak
Apparel Clothing: kılık kıyafet
Apparent: açık, apaçık, belirli
Appetite Desire for food: iÅŸtah, arzu
Apply: baÅŸvurmak, müracaat etmek, uygulamak
Appreciate: takdir etmek
Apprehension Fear; korku, endişe; anlayış, kavrayış
Approach: yaklaşım, tarz
Approval: tasvip, onay; resmi izin
Argue: tartışma, münakaÅŸa, iddia etme
Argument: tartışma; sav, iddia
Article: makale; tanımlık; madde-fıkra; eÅŸya-parça
Artisan: zanaatçı, esnaf
Ashamed: utanmak
Assassinate: suikast yapmak
Asset Advantage: kıymetli şey, beceri, erdem
Asset: servet; deÄŸerli nitelik
Astonished: hayret etmek, şaşkın olmak, şaşırmak
At once: derhal; aynı anda
Attack: saldırmak
Attainment: Achievement, başarı, elde etmek, marifet
Attempt: teÅŸebbüs etmek, denemek
Attract: cezbetmek, çekmek
Available: elde edilebilir, müsait
Avidity: gayret, heves, hırs
Award: ödül, mükafat

KPDS'DE ÇIKAN KELÄ°MELER - 2
Background: geçmiÅŸ, tecrübe, arka plan
Balance: denge, dengelemek
Barely: zar zor, zorla
Base: temel, esas; askeri üs
Basis: temel, dayanak, öz
Beneficial: faydalı
Benefit: fayda, yarar
Blame: suç, suçlamak
Blink: Open and close, gözlerini kırpıştırmak
Bloom: çiçek açmak
Blossom: çiçek açmak, canlanmak, geliÅŸmek
Blunder: gaf, gaf yapmak
Boost: artırmak, yükseltmek
Boundary: sınır
Bound to: zorunlu, kesin, mutlaka
Border: sınır
Break: off kırılıp ayrılmak, ilişiğini kesmek; birdenbire durmak
Breakthrough: cepheyi yarıp geçmek; büyük buluÅŸ
Briefly: kısa (biçimde), kısaca (özet olarak)
Bring down: indirim yapmak, düÅŸürmek
Briskly: Quickly, Energetically canlı ve istenilen tarzda; enerjik
Bruise: berelemek, ezmek; bere, ezik
Brutality: Cruelty vahÅŸilik
Budget: bütçe
Bump: vurma, toslama; ÅŸiÅŸ, tümsek
Burglar: (ev, dükkan) soyan hırsız
Bury: gömmek, defnetmek; gizlemek, örtmek
Call at: uÄŸramak
Call off: iptal etmek
Call on: ziyaret etmek; talep etmek
Call up: telefon atmak
Candidate: aday, namzet
Capable: yetenekli, ehliyetli
Captivate: büyüleme, esir etme, cezbetmek
Carry out: yerine getirmek, gerçekleÅŸtirmek
Cautious: ihtiyatlı, tedbirli
Cease: sona ermek, durmak
Chance: ÅŸans, tesadüfen olmak
Charge: ücret; itham; hamle; ÅŸarj
Charity: sadaka; hayırseverlik, hayır kurumu
Cheer: neÅŸe, tezahürat
Chemist: kimyager; eczacı
Choice: seçmek
Choir: koro
Clammy: yapış yapış; soğuk nemli
Clarify: açıklamak, açıklık getirmek
Clear: temizlemek, aklamak, izin vermek
Clerk: memur, tezgahtar, sekreter
Cliff: uçurum, sarp kayalık
Clog: tıkamak, tıkanmak; takunya
Coast: kıyı
Coincidence: tesadüf
Collar: yaka; tasma
Collide: çarpışma, çarpma
Combine: birleÅŸmek, birleÅŸtirmek
Commerce: ticaret
Compare: mukayese etmek
Compensation: bedel, tazminat, telafi
Compete: yarışmak; rekabet etmek
Competent Capable: ehil, yetenekli, yetkili
Competition: yarışma, rekabet, sınama
Complaint: ÅŸikayet etmek
Complete: tamamlamak; tamamen
Composed: birleÅŸmiÅŸ; bestelenmiÅŸ; kendine hakim olmak
Compromise: uzlaÅŸmak
Conceal: gizlemek, saklamak, örtmek
Concession: taviz, ödün
Concurrence Agreement: aynı olan, birlik olma, uyuşma; aynı zamana rastlama
Condense: yoÄŸunlaÅŸma; sıvıya dönme; çözeltme
Confidence: güven, itimat
Confidence: kendine güven
Confidential: Secret gizli, sır
Confirm: teyit etmek, pekiÅŸtirme, onaylama, sürekli, müzmin
Confiscated: Seized müsadere etmek, haczetmek; istimlak etmek
Conflict: çeliÅŸmek
Congratulate: tebrik etmek
Conscientious vicdanlı
Consequence: netice ; önem
Conserve: koruma muhafaza etme
Consider: hesaba katmak; göz önünde tutmak; saymak
Considerably: epeyce, oldukça
Consist: of müteÅŸekkil olmak, oluÅŸmak
Consistently: mütemadiyen, devamlı
Constitute: teÅŸkil etmek, tesis etmek; tayin etmek
Constitution: anayasa
Contaminate: kirletmek; zehirlemek, bozmak
Contented: halinden memnun, mutlu
Cooperation: iÅŸbirliÄŸi
Courteous: nazik, kibar, saygılı
Coward: korkak
Creative: yaratıcı
Crime: suç, cürüm
Criminal: suçla ilgili; suçlu; cezalı
Crooked: eÄŸri, çarpık, virajlı, hilekar
Crop: mahsul
Crowd: kalabalık
Cruelty: zulüm, acımasızlık

KPDS'DE ÇIKAN KELÄ°MELER - 3
Dabble: su serpme; suyla uÄŸraÅŸmak
Damage: zarar, zarar vermek
Deadline: son teslim tarihi
Dealer: satıcı, tacir Decade: on yıl
Deception: aldatma, hile
Deceptive: aldatıcı, yanıltıcı
Decline: gerileme, zayıflama
Dedicate: adamak; ithaf etmek
Defeat: yenme, bozguna uÄŸratmak
Deficient: eksiz yetersiz, noksan
Delicate: nazik, hassas, narin
Delight: sevinç, zevk, haz,
Denial: inkar, yok sayma
Deny: inkar etme
Depict: göstermek, dile getirmek
Deplore: teessüf etmek, üzülmek
Dept: borç
Desperate: ümitsiz; gözü dünmüÅŸ
Despondent: ümitsiz, meyus
Determine: belirlemek, tespit etmek azimli, kararlı
Detest: nefret etmek, tiksinmek
Device: alet, aygıt
Devote: ,,-e adamak
Diluted: sulandırılmış, su katılmış
Diminish: azaltmak, küçültmek, eksiltmek
Discipline: disiplin
Discourteous: nezaketsiz, kaba
Discreet: saygılı, dikkatli ve nazik
Discretion: basiret, saÄŸduyu, tedbir, ihtiyat
Discuss: tartışma, münazara etmek
Disease: hastalık
Disgraced: gözden düÅŸmüÅŸ; itibarsız; yüz karası
Disgust: iğrenme, tiksinme, midesini bulandırma
Dishonest: sahtekar
Disintegrate: parçalamak, bölünmek
Disposition: eÄŸilim, mizaç, düzen, tertip
Dispute: tartışma
Dissolve: çözmek, dağıtmak, yok olmak
Distinguish: Ayırmak, ayırt etmek, seçkin, ünlü, kendine yer edinmiÅŸ
Distrust: güvenmemek
Ditch: hendek, ark, kanal
Divert: baÅŸka yöne çevirmek; saptırmak
Divide: bölmek, ayırmak
Divulge: ifÅŸa etmek, açığa vurmak
Doubt: ÅŸüphe, kuÅŸku
Drift: sürüklenmek
Drowsy: Sleepy uykulu, uyku veren
Duplicate: Copy kopyasını yapmak
Dwindle: giderek azalmak
Eagerness: ÅŸevk, istek, arzu
Edge: kenar; avantaj
Efficient: verimli, randımanlı
Elevation: kaldırma, yükseltme; terfi
Embark: (on) gemiye binmek; baÅŸlamak
Embarrassment: utanma, mahcubiyet
Emerge: meydana çıkmak
Emit: yaymak, çıkarmak
Employer: iÅŸ veren
Encouraging: teÅŸvik edici, cesaretlendirici
Endearing: sevdiren
Enhance: deÄŸerini, gücünü, güzelliÄŸini arttırma, süslemek, geniÅŸletmek
Enlarge: büyütmek, geniÅŸlemek
Enlighten: aydınlatmak
Enthusiastically: ÅŸevkle, hararetle
Envy: kıskanma, gıpta etme
Equivocal: Ambiguous iki anlama gelebilen
Espionage: casusluk
Essential: gerekli
Examine: tetkik, muayene etmek, sorguya çekmek
Excessive: aşırı, haddinden fazla
Exchange: karşılıklı değişmek
Excuse: mazeret
Exempt: bağışık; muaf; hariç tutmak
Exhausted: bitmiÅŸ, tükenmiÅŸ, yorgun
Exhibition: sergi
Existence: varlık
Exotic: Unusual
Expand: geniÅŸle(t)mek, büyümek
Expedition: yolculuk; sefer
Explicit: açık, sarih
Explore: keÅŸif, inceleme gezisi
Explorer: kaÅŸif seyyah
Expose: ifşa etmek; ışığa tutmak; korunmasız bırakmak, maruz bırakmak; teşhir etmek; pozlamak
Exposure: ifşa; korunmasızlık; poz
Extensive: büyük, derin, kapsamlı
Extremely: oldukça fazla
Fabric: kumaÅŸ, doku
Fact: gerçek, olgu
Faint: Indistinct donuk, baygın
Far: uzak; çok
Fatigue: yorgun, bitkin; yormak
Fearsome: dehÅŸetli, korkunç
Feasible: yapılabilir, mümkün
Feeble: zayıf, kuvvetsiz
Fever: ateÅŸ, hararet; humma
Firing: AteÅŸleme; piÅŸirme; iÅŸten atma
Fiscal: mali
Flawless: kusursuz, defosuz
Flee from: kaçmak, firar etmek
Flip: fiske atmak; keçileri kaçırmak; hayran olmak; küstah
Float: yüzmek, su üstünde kalmak, bir ÅŸeyi oluruna bırakmak
Floor: zemin
Fluctuate: inip çıkmak
Flushed: kızarmak, utanmak
Foggy: sisli
Fool: aldatmak, şaka yapmak, kandırmak
Foolishness: aptallık, budalalık
Forecast: tahmin etmek
Forestall: erken davranıp önlemek
Fortunate: şanlı, talihli
Frank: açık sözlü, içten, samimi
Frightened: korkmuÅŸ
Fume: pis kokulu gaz, yaymak
Futile: boÅŸuna, beyhude
Gain: kazanmak, elde etmek
Generation: kuÅŸak
Genuinely: hakikaten, gerçekten
Giggle: kıkırdamak
Gist: ana fikir
Gleeful: neÅŸe dolu
Globe: küre
Global: küresel
Goods: mallar, eÅŸya
Govern: yönetmek, idare etmek
Governmental: yönetimle ilgili

KPDS'DE ÇIKAN KELÄ°MELER - 4
Halt: mola, durma
Hamper: hareketini güçleÅŸtirmek, engellemek Hand-held: elde tutlan
Harmful: zararlı
Harsh: sert, kaba, haÅŸin
Harvest: hasat, ürün
Hasten: acele etmek, ettirmek
Hazardous: tehlikeli, zararlı
Heat: ısı, ısıtmak
Heavely: büyük oranda, ÅŸiddetli olarak
Hectic: heyecanlı, telaşlı
Hence: bu nedenle, bundan dolayı
Herd: sürü; ayak takımı
Hesitate: tereddüt etmek, çekimsemek
Hide: sakla-n-mak
Highway: anayol
Hijacking: hava korsanlığı
Hike: uzun yürümek; fiyatını artırmak
Homeless: evsiz
Honest: samimi, dürüst
Housing: barınacak yer
Hug: kucaklamak, sarılmak
Huge: kocaman, büyük
Humorous: komik, güldürücü
Hurl: fırlatmak
Ignore: aldırmamak, bilmezden gelmek
Impartial: yansız
Imprecise: kesin olmayan, dikkatsiz, özensiz
Impression: izlenim, etki
Impromptu: hazırlıksız, doÄŸaçlama
Improve: ilerletme, geliÅŸtirme
In charged: sorumlu, görevli
Inadvertent: kasıtsız, elde olmayan
Incidence: oluş sıklığı, meydana gelme oranı
Incline: eğilme, aşağı eğilme
Include: kapsamak, içine almak
Inconsiderate: baÅŸkalarını düÅŸünmez, düÅŸüncesiz
Incredible: inanılmaz
Incurable: tedavi edilmez, çaresiz
Indecisive: kararsız, kesin olmayan
Indication: anlatma, belirti, gösterge
Indifferent: kayıtsız, umarsız
Indispensable: vazgeçilmez, zorunlu
Indistinct: belirsiz, bulanık
Induce: kandırmak, ikna etmek
Industrious: çalışkan, gayretli
Inflammable: kolay tutuşan, parlayıcı
Influence: etki
Initial: ilk, baÅŸlangıç
Insignificant: deÄŸersiz, önemsiz, belirsiz,
Insist ısrar etmek
Insolent Rude küstah, terbiyesiz
Inspire telkin etmek, ilham etmek
Instructive: öÄŸretici, eÄŸitici
Insult: hakaret etme, hor görme
Intensity: güçlülük, yoÄŸunluk
Intention: niyet
Interfere müdahale etme, çatışma, engelleme
Interfere with yoluna çıkmak, engellemek, karışmak
Intermittent kesik kesik, aralıklı
Intrepid Yılmaz, korkusuz, cesur
Intricate Complicated karışık, girift
Investigator dedektif, araştırıcı
Investment yatırım, sağlanan gelir
Irrelevant konu dışı, ilgisiz
Irresponsible sorumsuz
Issue konu; yayım-baskı
Item adet, tane; madde; konu-fıkra
Jam sıkıştırmak, kilitlemek, izdiham
Landscape manzara
Lane dar yol; ÅŸerit
Law hukuk, kanun
Leading önde olan, kılavuzluk eden
Leak sızıntı, çatlak
Lecture ders, konferans
Liability sorumluluk, yükümlülük
Limp topallamak, aksamak
Lingered kolay kolay ayrılmak;
Litter çöp
Locate bulunma, bir yerde yerleÅŸmiÅŸ olma
Lofty High yüce, yüksek, azametli
Lonely yalnız, kimsesiz, tenha
Look up to Respect hayran olmak, örnek almak
Luck ÅŸans, talih, uÄŸur
Majority çoÄŸunluk
Management idare, yönetim
Manufacture imal etmek
Means yol, yöntem, araç
Meddle Interfere karışmak, burnunu sokmak
Medicine tıp, ilaç
Meditative Thoughtful derin derin düÅŸünen
Melt: eri-t-mek, yumuÅŸa-t-mak
Memorize: ezberlemek
Mend: Repair tamir etmek
Merge: birleÅŸmek, içine katmak
Messy: dağınık, düzensiz
Mild: ılımlı, hafif, ılıman
Misty: sisli, bulanık
Misuse: suiistimal; yanlış kullanım
Moderate:ılımlı
Moist: nemli, ıslak
Mold: şekil vermek, kalıp
Monster: canavar
Mud: çamur; iftira
Neglect: ihmal etmek
Negligible: ihmal edilebilir
Nod: onaylamak, başını sallamak
Notify: bildirmek, haber vermek
Notorious: adı çıkmış, kötü ÅŸöhretli
Novelist: romancı

KPDS'DE ÇIKAN KELÄ°MELER - 5
Object: itiraz etmek
Objection: itiraz; sakınca
Obligation: mecburiyet, zorunluluk
Obscured: saklı, anlaşılması güç,
Obsess: aklına takılmak, fikri sabit yapmak
Obstinate: inatçı
Obtain: saÄŸlamak, elde etmek
Obvious: açık, anlaşılır, ortada
Occasion: fırsat, vesile, önemli gün, özel olay
Occasional: arasıra olan, düzensiz
Occupation: iÅŸgal
Occupy: iÅŸgal etmek
Occur: olmak, meydana gelmek
Odorless: kokusuz
On strike: grevde
Open-minded: Açık fikirli
Opinion: fikir
Orchid: orkide
Outline: ana hat, taslak
Output: ürün, verim, çıktı
Outrageous: nefret uyandırıcı, öfkelendirici
Overactive: çok aktif, hareketli
Overburdened: sıkıntılı
Overdue: vadesi geçmiÅŸ, gecikmiÅŸ
Overemphatic: fazla vurgulu, çok fazla çarpıcı
Overseas: deniz aşırı
Oversimplify aşırı basitleştirme
Overturn: devirmek, tepe üstü getirmek
Owing to: sayesinde; yüzünden dolayı
Pace: adım, hız
Pain: acı, sızı, ağrı
Pale: solgun
Participate: iÅŸtirak etmek
Partner: ortak
Passageway: pasaj, geçit
Pay attention to: dikkatini vermek
Peculiarity: özellik; ,,,-e özgü olma; tuhaflık
Percent: yüzde
Personality: ÅŸahsiyet
Pessimistic: kötümser
Phony: sahte, düzmece
Pick up: toplama, devÅŸirme
Plentiful: bol; bereketli
Plunge: dalma, fırlama
Poetic: ÅŸiirsel
Point of view: bakış açısı
Policy: politika; davranış biçimi; poliçe
Polish: cilalamak, boyamak
Poll: oylama, anket
Pollute: kirletmek
Postpone: ertelemek
Praised: övmek
Precaution: tedbir, önlem
Precisely: tam olarak; kesinlikle
Prediction: tahmin
Premium: sigorta primi; ödül, prim
Presume: varsaymak
Pretense: rolüne girme, bahane
Pretext: bahane
Prevent: engellemek, korumak
Preview: ilk gösterim
Previous önceki, sabık
Pride gurur, iftihar
Prior to öncelikli, daha önemli
Private özel; ÅŸahsa ait
Prodigious Huge, ÅŸaşılacak, müthiÅŸ, kocaman
Profilic çok eser veren
Profound: tam, eksiksiz, derin; bilgili; etkileyici
Promote terfi ettirmek
Promotion terfi
Propose önerme, niyet etme, evlilik teklifi
Prospects başarı şansı
Prove kanıtlamak; çıkmak
Punctual dakik
Punctuality Being on time
Purify temizlemek, arındırmak, saflaştırmak
Pursue peÅŸine düÅŸmek, izini sürmek
Put off elbisesini çıkartmak
Quarter çeyrek; bölge, semt; askeri kışla
Quartet dörtlü
Raise yukarı kaldırmak; artırmak; çocuk yetiÅŸtirmek
Rate oran
Readily Easily kolayca, seve seve
Readily isteyerek, gönülden
Recast yeniden çıkarmak, deÄŸiÅŸtirmek
Recent yakında olmuş
Recession gerileme, durgunluk, azalma
Reckless aldırışsız, kayıtsız
Reckon hesaplamak, tahmin etmek
Recover iyileÅŸmek, yeniden elde etmek
Recruit üye yapmak; iÅŸe almak
Refrain from kendini tutma, sakınma
Refugee mülteci
Refute yalanlamak, çürütmek
Regarded as gibi görülmek, kabul edilmek
Region bölge
Rejection ret
Relent yumuÅŸama, gevÅŸeme, merhamete gelme
Relentless amansız; acımasız, merhametsiz
Reliance geven, itimat
Relief Ferahlama, kurtarma- takviye-; nöbet kiÅŸileri
Relieve hafiflemek, rahatlamak
Reluctant isteksiz, tereddütlü
Reluctantly gönülsüzce
Remark söz söyleme; fark etme
Remarkable dikkate, sözü edilmeye deÄŸer
Remove çıkarmak, temizlemek, alıp götürmek
Renovation yenileme, tecdit, onarım
Represent temsil etme
Reprimand azar, paylama
Reprove azarlama, paylama
Reputation ün, itibar
Require gerektirmek; istemek
Reservation yer ayırtma; şart; ihtiyat
Resign istifa etmek, ayrılmak
Resignation istifa; kabullenme
Resonance tınlama
Respect saygı, hürmet
Restored onarılmış; iyileşmiş; işine iade edilmiş
Restraint zaptetme, sınırlama, hakim olma
Restriction sınırlama
Resultant sonucunda ortaya çıkan
Reveal açığa çıkarma; ilhamla bildirme
Revere Loved saymak, saygı göstermek
Revise gözden geçirmek
Revive yeniden canlan-dır-mak
Reward ödül
Ridiculous Absurd, Gildings derecede saçma
Rim Edge kenar
Rival rakip
Rot çürüme, çürük ; zırva
Rub ovma, ovalama
Rugged zor, kaba, yontulmamış, pürüzlü
Rule out Reject
Runaway kaçak
Rush aceleyle koÅŸmak, hücum etmek
Saucer çay, fincan tabağı
Scattered dağınık
Scheme plan, tasarı
Scholarly çok derin, bilgili, bilimsel
Scholarship burs; irfan, ilim
School board okul yönetimi
Scold azarlama, paylama
Scorch yakmak, kavurmak; acı sözlerle incitmek
Scratch tırmalamak, kazımak, kaşınmak
Sealed mühürlü
Seam dikiş yeri, bağlantı yeri
Seed tohum
Seek araÅŸtırmak, bulmaya çalışmak
Seize tutmak, yakalamak, zaptetmek
Select; seçmek, ayırım
Selfish bencil
Sensitive duyarlı
Separate ayırmak
Serene sakin; yüce
Severe acı, sert, şiddetli
Shade gölge
Shape ÅŸekil
Shareholder hissedar
Shattered mahvolmuÅŸ, bitmiÅŸ; yorgun
Shield Protect, kalkan; korumak
Shift vardiya; rüzgarın yönünü deÄŸiÅŸtirmesi
Shipping gemiler; sipariÅŸ alıp gönderme
Shout bağırmak
Shrewd Clever, kurnaz, açık göz
Sinful günahkar
Sink dibe batmak
Skillful becerikli
Skip atlamak
Slope eÄŸim
Sly sinsi
Smooth yumuÅŸak
Sneer dudağını bükmek, küçümsemek
Soothe Comforted sakinleÅŸtirmek, rahatlatmak
Sophisticated karmaşık, girift,
Spectacle görülecek ÅŸey,
Sphere, Globe küre
Spokesperson sözcü
Sporadic Intermittent (düzensiz aralıklarla olan)
Squeeze sıkmak, ezmek
Staff personel, çalışanlar kadrosu; kurmay
Statue heykel
Stature boy-pos; önem; kiÅŸilik
Stayed late Lingered, oyalanmak
Steady düzenli, sabit
Stem from -den ileri gelmek, doÄŸmak, çıkmak
Step adım, basamak
Stern sert, müsamahasız
Stiff katı, sert, kıran kırana
Stingy cimri, eli sıkı
Stockholder hissedar
Straighten doÄŸrultmak
Strain kendini zorlamak, gayret göstermek
Stray başıboş, Homeless
Stretch germek, esnetmek
Struggle çabalamak, mücadele etmek
Stubborn inatçı dik baÅŸlı
Subsidize Para vermek, desteklemek
Subtle ince, narin; zeka iÅŸi
Sufficient yeterli
Summary Özet
Superficial yüzeysel, üstünkörü
Superior daha üstün
Supplementary takviye, ek
Surgeon cerrah, operatör
Surmount üstesinden gelmek, alt etmek, yenmek
Surpass aÅŸmak, üstün olmak
Survive hayatta kalmak; hayatını idame ettirmek
Susceptible to kolay etkilenen, dayanıksız, hassas
Suspicion ÅŸüphe, zan
Sustain devam ettirmek, korumak
Swell Grow ÅŸiÅŸmek, kabarmak; artmak, büyümek
Symptom Sign semptom, belirti
Synopsis Summary özet
Tackle çaresine bakmak; üstesinden gelmek; topu ayağından almak;
Talent yetenek
Tax vergi
Tax-exempt vergiden muaf
Tear (teyr) yırtmak; (tiıyr) gözyaşı
Tempt ayartmak, yoldan çıkartmaya çalışmak
Testimony tanıklık, ifade
Thorough tam, dikkatli eksiz
Thoughtful düÅŸünceli
Thrifty tutumlu, idareli
Throng Crowd kalabalık; kalabalık olarak gitmek
Tilted Crooked yatırmak, eğmek, ; meyil
Tiny küçük, ufacık
Top üst, zirve
Torn yırtık
Tower kule
Trace Indication iz, eser ; kopyasını çıkarmak, ipuçlarından olayı çözmek
Trail sürüklemek, gezdirmek; izlemek
Tramped Walked heavily kuvvetli adımla yürümek
Tranquil serene sakin, huzurlu
Transaction iÅŸ görme
Treachery ihanet
Treatment muamele, davranış; tedavi
Treatment muamele, davranış; tedavi
Trial deneme; duruÅŸma
Triumph zafer, başarı
Trivial abes; bayağı; cüzi
Trust güvenmek
Trust güvenmek, inanmak
Tunnel Underground passageway
Underestimate az/düÅŸük olarak tahmin etmek
Underground metro; yer altı
Undermine baltalamak, çökertmek, temelini çürütmek
Underrate hafife almak, küçümsemek
Unhesitatingly tereddüt etmeden
Union birlik; sendika
Unique biricik; tek; eÅŸsiz
Unpardonable affedilemez
Unpleasant nahoş ; tatsız
Unrehearsed provasız
Unrestrained denetimsiz, frenlenmemiÅŸ, serbest
Unwillingly istemeyerek
Unwillingness isteksizlik
Vacant boÅŸ, açık; dalgın
Vague müphem, belirsiz, ÅŸüpheli
Vanity Pride, kibir, kendini beÄŸenmiÅŸ; abes ÅŸey, beyhudelik
Varied deÄŸiÅŸik, çeÅŸitli; deÄŸiÅŸken
Vast çok geniÅŸ, engin, pek çok
Versatile çok yönlü; elinden birden fazla iÅŸ gelen
Vexed Annoyed, bir şeye canı sıkılmak
Victim kurban
Victory Triumph, zafer
Violent sert, ÅŸiddetli, zorlu
Vital hayati önemde
Voluntarily gönüllü olarak
Vote oy vermek
Vulnerable: saldırı veya tenkide açık / maruz olan
Wasteful savurgan, müsrif
Weakness: zayıflık; zaaf
Wealthy: zengin, varlıklı
Wheel: tekerlek
Whip: kamçı; kamçılamak
Wise: akıllı, akıllıca, mantıklı
Withdraw: çekmek, çekilmek, ayrılmak
Wither: solmak, soldurmak, sindirmek
Witness: Åžahit
Worthwhile: yapmaya deÄŸer, -e deÄŸer
Wrinkle: buruşmak, kırışmak
Yield (to): kabul etmek, baÅŸ eÄŸmek..

THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE - GENÄ°Åž ZAMAN

THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE - GENÄ°Åž ZAMAN
A. USE

1. The simple present is used to describe a present situation.
Simple Present, içinde bulunulan anı ifade etmek için kullanılabilir.

I work in Istanbul. (I work now and will work for the future).
He is a hardworking student.
2. The simple present is used to indicate habitual actions or events that regularly happens.
Simple present ile alışkanlıklar ve her gün yapılan iÅŸler ifade edilebilir. Bu tür cümlelerde genellikle sıklık zarfları (always, usually, generally etc) kullanılır.

She often goes to work late.
The child usually drink milk before going to bed.
3. The simple present is used to express general truths such as scientific fact.
Bilimsel gerçekleri ve doÄŸruluÄŸu kanıtlanmış genellemeleri bu tense ile ifade ederiz.

Water freezes at 0 C. (A scientific fact)
Water boils at 100 C.
4. The simple present is also used in expressions like "I think, I know, I see, etc."
Ayrıca, "I think, I believe" (sanırım, inanıyorum ki) gibi ifadeler geniş zamanda kullanılabilir.

I think you are a hardworking student. I know you're right.
5. The simple present can also be used to talk about the future..
Gelecekle ilgili veya gelecekte yapılması planlanmış durumlarda kullanılabilir veya gelecekle baÄŸlantılı cümlelerde geniÅŸ zaman kullanabiliriz.

You'll succeed if you study harder.
I'll visit Topkapi Palace if I go to Istanbul.
The bus leaves at seven o'clock.
I have an important examination tomorrow.

6. The simple present tense is also used with certain verbs (like, taste, believe, sound, feel, hear, remember, weigh, smell, etc)

Şimdiki zamanda kullanılmayan "Non-Progressive Verbs" dediğimiz fiiller vardır. Bu fiiller, geniş zaman ile kullanılabilir. "Like, taste, believe, sound, feel, hear, remember, weigh, smell, love, look, seem, appear, mind, expect, suppose, realize, forget, want, dislike, prefer" gibi fiiller şimdiki zamanda kullanılmayan ancak geniş zamanda kullanılabilen Non-Progressive Fiillerdir.

I don't believe you.
She doesn't love me.
B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I work in a great factory
You work
He works
She works
It works
We work
They work

Negative Structure:

I don't in a great factory.
You don't
He doesn't
She doesn't work
It doesn't
We don't
They don't

Question structure:

Do I in a great factory?
Do You
Does He
Does She work
Does It
Do We
Do They

TO BE IN SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

I am a teacher
You are a student
He is a boy
She is a girl
It is a dog
We are students
They are people

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE - ŞİMDİKİ ZAMAN

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE - ŞİMDİKİ ZAMAN
A. USE

1. The Present Continuous tense is usually used to express continuing, ongoing actions which are taking place at the moment of speaking or writing. Those actions are already going on at the moment of speaking.
The Present Continuous tense, yani Åžimdiki Zaman konuÅŸma esnasında devam etmekte olan eylemleri ifade etmek için kullanılır. Bu tür cümlelerde çoÄŸu zaman, "now, at the moment, at the present, right now, just now, at this moment" gibi zaman zarfları kullanılır.

Take your umbrella, it's raining.
Right now, I'm going home.
Children are sleeping at the moment.

2. The Present Continuous tense can be used about future happenings.
Gelecek zaman zarfları kullanılarak, gelecekte yapılması tasarlanan eylemler ifade edilebilir.

What are you doing next week?
I'm travelling tomorrow.

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I am
You are
He is
She is working
It is
We are
They are

Negative Structure:

I am
You are
He is
She is not working
It is
We are
They are

Question structure:

Am I
Are You
Is He
Is She working?
Is It
Are We
Are They

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
A. USE

1. The Simple Past tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past:
Simple Past, geçmiÅŸte belirli bir zamanda yapılmış eylemleri ifade etmek için kullanılır. "Yesterday, last night, two weeks ago, in 2002" gibi zarflar kullanılabilir.

I graduated from the university in 2003.
He came from Berlin last night.

2. The Simple Past is used to describe situations which existed for a period of time in the past.
GeçmiÅŸte belirli bir süre içerisinde devam etmiÅŸ olayları, eylemleri anlatmak için kullanılır.

Millions of years ago, dinosaurs inhabited the earth.
They talked to each other during the lesson.
He lived in England for a long time.

3. It is also used to talk about habits in the past:
GeçmiÅŸteki alışkanlıkları ifade etmek için yine Simple Past kullanılır. I always wore a khaki cap in the summer.

He never drank tea.
They generally read several novels in the winter.

4. It is used to talk about events that happened one after the other:
Hikaye anlatırken olayları ard arda sıraladığımızda kullanırız.

He jumped out of bed, ran into the bathroom and slammed the door.

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I
You
He
She worked
It
We
They

Note: Use second form of Irregular verbs in positive structure of the Past Simple Tense..
(GeçmiÅŸ zaman olumlu cümlelerde, düzensiz fiillerin 2. hali kullanılır.)

Click here for Irregular Verbs Table

Negative Structure:

I
You
He
She didn't work
It
We
They

Question structure:

I
You
Did He
Didn't She work?
It
We
They

THE SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE - ŞİMDİKİ ZAMANIN HİKAYESİ

THE SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE - ŞİMDİKİ ZAMANIN HİKAYESİ
A. USE

1. The Past Continuous is used to express continuous actions occurring in the past.
Past Continuous geçmiÅŸte zamanın belirli bir anında devam etmekte olan eylemleri ve olayları ifade etmek için kullanılır.

I was watching TV at home last night.
They were playing football yesterday afternoon.

2. The Past Continuous tense is frequently used to refer to an ongoing action which was taking place when something else occurred in the past.
GeçmiÅŸte devam etmekte olan bir olay esnasında baÅŸka bir eylem gerçekleÅŸirse ve bu olaylar "when" ile kurulmuÅŸsa simple past ve past continuous tense birlikte ifade edilir.

My father was watching TV when I arrived at home.
He was reading book while she was washing the dishes.

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I was
You were
He was
She was working.
It was
We were
They were

Negative Structure:

I
You
He wasn't
She was not working.
It
We
They

Question structure:

I
You
Was He
Wasn't She working?
It
We
They

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
A. USE

1. The Present Perfect tense is used to express actions which have just or already been completed at the time of speaking or writing.
Present Perfect, geçmiÅŸte konuÅŸma anına yakın bir zamanda bitmiÅŸ ve etkisi hala devam eden eylem veya olaylardan bahsedirken kullanılır.

I have done my homework already.
She has answered half the questions.

In the first example, the use of the Present Perfect tense emphasizes the fact that, at the time of speaking or writing, the work has already been completed. In the second example, the use of the Present Perfect indicates that, at the time of speaking or writing, half the questions have been answered.
Birinci örnekte, "ödevin çoktan tamamlandığı" vurgulanmakta; ikinci örnekte ise konuÅŸma anında "kiÅŸinin soruların yarısını cevapladığı" ve "kalan soruları da cevaplayacağı" ima ediliyor. GeçmiÅŸte baÅŸlayan bir olayın veya etkilerinin hala devam etmesi halinde Present Perfect kullanılır.

2. The Present Perfect tense epresses the very recent past.
Yakın geçmiÅŸten bahsederken Present Perfect kullanılır.

They've just left.
I've just come!

3. It also tells of a state or situation which has started in the past and is continuing up to now.
GeçmiÅŸte baÅŸlamış ve hala devam etmekte olan olayları ifade etmek için Present Perfect kullanılır. Bu anlamı ifade eden cümlelerde "for, since, so far, until now, lately, recently, already, just, yet" gibi zaman zarfları kullanılabilir.

I have lived in New York for seven years. (I am still living there.)
I have studied English Language Teaching since 2002. (I am still studying ELT.)

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I have
You have
He has
She has worked.
It has
We have
They have

Note: In Present Perfect tense, if the main verb is irregular, its 3rd form should be used.
(Present perfect tense'in olumlu, olumsuz ve soru cümlelerinde, düzensiz fiillerin 3. hali kullanılır.)

Negative Structure:

I haven't
You haven't
He hasn't
She hasn't worked.
It hasn't
We haven't
They haven't

Question structure:

Have I
Have You
Has He
Has She worked?
Has It
Have We
Have They

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
A. USE

The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event heppened first.
Past Perfect, geçmiÅŸte gerçekleÅŸen iki olaydan birinin öncekine kıyasla daha önce gerçekleÅŸtiÄŸini ifade etmek için kullanılır.

I went to see the movie. We had discussed it in class. (After we disscussed the movie in the class, I went to see the movie.)
I wanted to live in a foreign country, so I applied for a job in Japan. Judy had lived in Japan, so I called her to find out more about the culture and lifestyle there. (Judy didn' live in Japan any longer -- she returned from there before I applied for the job.)

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I
You
He
She had worked.
It
We
They

Note: Use past participle of irregular verbs in both positive, negative structures and questions.

Negative Structure:

I
You
He hadn't
She had not worked.
It
We
They

Question structure:

I
You
Had He
Hadn't She worked?
It
We
They

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
A. USE

1. The Present Perfect Continuous tense is used to express continuous, ongoing actions which started in the past and are still going on:
Present Perfect Continuous, geçmiÅŸte belirli bir zamanda baÅŸlamış olan ve konuÅŸma sırasında da devam eden eylemleri anlatmak için kullanılır. "For, since, ever since, all day, all week, all year" gibi zaman zarfları bu anlamdaki cümlelerde sıkça kullanılır.

I have been waiting for her since seven o'clock. (and I'm still waiting for her.)
We have been running for 15 minutes! Let's have a rest here.

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I have
You have
He has
She has been working for two hours.
It has
We have
They have

Negative Structure:

I haven't
You haven't
He hasn't
She hasn't been working for two hours.
It hasn't
We haven't
They haven't

Question structure:

Have I
Have You
Has He
Has She been working for two hours?
Has It
Have We
Have They

THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
A. USE

1. We use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past. "For five minutes" and "for two weeks" are both durations which can be used with the Past Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous; however, the duration does not continue until now.
Past Perfect Continuous geçmiÅŸte baÅŸlayıp, yine geçmiÅŸte belirli bir zamana kadar devam etmiÅŸ olan olayları ifade etmek için kullanılır. Olay geçmiÅŸte baÅŸlamıştır ve geçmiÅŸte baÅŸka bir olay gerçekleÅŸmeden önce bitmiÅŸtir.

She had been suffering from cancer for ten years before she died.
James had been teaching English at the University for more than a year before he left for Asia.

Note: If you do not include a duration such as "for five minutes," "for two weeks" or "since Friday", many English speakers choose to use the Past Continuous. There is also a difference in meaning.

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I
You
He
She had been working for two hours.
It
We
They

Negative Structure:

I
You
He
She hadn't been working for two hours.
It
We
They

Question structure:

I
You
Had He
Hadn't She been working for two hours?
It
We
They

THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
A. USE

1. The Future Continuous is used to indicate that a longer action in the future will be interrupted. The interruption is usually an action in the Simple Future. This can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.
Future Continuous, gelecekte belirli bir zamanda devam edecek olayları ifade etmek için kullanılır.

I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.
I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives.
He will be studying at the library tonight, so he will not see Jennifer when she arrives.

2. The Simple Future is used with the expression "at this time".
Bu tense'de kullanılan, diÄŸer zamanlardan farklı bir özellik de "at this time" ın kullanılmasıdır.

We will be doing homework at this time tomorrow.
I will be travelling to Paris at this time next week.

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I
You
He
She will be working.
It
We
They

Negative Structure:

I
You
He
She will not be working.
It won't be
We
They

Question structure:

I
You
Will He
Won't She be working?
It
We
They

THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE, Ä°ngilizce Basit Gelece

THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
A. USE

1. The Simple Future tense is used to express actions which will take place in the future.
Gelcek zaman bu tense ile ifade edilir.

I will go to school tomorrow.

2. The Simple Future is used to express an intention or decision made at the moment of speaking.
KonuÅŸma anında yapılmasına karar verilen eylemleri ifade etmek için kullanılır.

It's very hot in here. I'll open the window.
I have a headache. I'll take an aspirine.

3. The Simple Future can be used to make a prediction.
Beklentileri ifade ederken ve tahminde bulunurken Simple Future kullanılır.

I think it will be cool and rainy tomorrow.
I believe they will turn back in the evening.

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I
You
He
She will work.
It
We
They

Negative Structure:

I
You
He
She will not work.
It won't
We
They

Question structure:

I
You
Will He
Won't She work?
It
We
They

THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
A. USE

1. The Future Perfect tense is used to refer to a non-continuous action which will be completed by a certain time in the future.
Future Perfect, gelecekte belirli bir zamandan önce tamamlanmış olacak eylemleri ifade etmek için future perfect tense kullanılır.

In September, I will have lived in Malatya for four years.
Thomas will have finished the project by Wednesday.

2. By + noun and by the time + sentence are used to express in Future Perfect.
Future Perfect ile by, by the time, before, in a week, when gibi zaman baÄŸlaçları sıklıkla kullanılabilir.

I will have done my homework by the time he comes.
I will have been awake for 24 hours by 12 o'clock.

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I
You
He
She will have worked.
It
We
They

Negative Structure:

I
You
He
She will not have worked.
It won't have
We
They

Question structure:

I
You
Will He
Won't She have worked?
It
We
They

THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
A. USE

1. The Future Perfect Continuous tense is used to express a continuous, action which will be completed by a certain time in the future.
Future Perfect Continuous, gelecekte bir eylemin olayın ne kadar süre devam etmekte olduÄŸunu belirtmek için kullanılır.

When we arrive in Izmir, we will have been driving for 17 hours.
By the time the match starts, we will have been waiting here for three hours.

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I
You
He
She will have been working.
It
We
They

Negative Structure:

I
You
He
She will not have been working.
It won't have
We
They

Question structure:

I
You
Will He
Won't She have been working?
It
We
They

Ä°ngilizce Modal Verbs, Can, Must, Should...

THE MODALS TABLE

Auxiliary
Uses
Present / future
Past

may
1. Polite request
May I borrow your pen?

2. Formal permission
You may leave the room.

3. Less than 50% certainty
A: Where's Tom?
B: He may be at the office.
He may have been at the office.

might
1. Less than 50% certainty
A: Where's Tom?
B: He might be at the office.
He might have been at the office.

2. polite request
Might I borrow your pen?

should
1. advisability
I should help my father in the morning.
I should have helped my father yesterday.

2. 90% certainty
She should pass the exam! (future only, not present)
She should have passed the exam!

ought to
1. advisability
I ought to study tonight
I ought to have studied last night

2. 90% certainty
She ought to do well on the test. (future only, not present)
She ought to have studied last night.

had better
1. advisability with threat of bad result
You had better be on time, or we will leave without you.
(past form uncomon)

be supposed to
1. expectation
He is supposed to come at 12.
He was supposed to come at 12.

be to
1. strong expectation
You are to be here at 9:00.
You were to be here at 9:00

must
1. strong necessity
I must go to class today
I had to go to class yesterday

2. prohibition (negative)
You must not open that door.

3. 95% certainty
Mary isn't in class. She must be sick (present only)
Mary must have been sick yesterday.

have to
1. necessity
I have to go to class today.
I had to go to class yesterday

2. lack of necessity (negative)
I don't have to go to class today.
I had to go to class yesterday.

have got to
1. necessity
I have got to go to class today.
I had to go to class yesterday.

will
1. 100% certainty
He will be here at 6:00 ((future only)

2. willingness
The phone's ringing.
I'll get it.

3. polite request
Will you please pass the salt?

be going to
1. 100% certainty
He is going to be here at 6:00 (future only)

2. definite plan
I'm going to paint my bedroom. (future only)
I was going to paint my room, but I didn't have time.

can
1. ability / possibility
I can run fast.
I could run fast when I was a child but now I can't.

2. informal permission
You can use my car tomorrow.

3. informal polite request
Can I borrow your pen?

4. impossibility (negative only)
That can't be true!
That can't have been true!

could
1. past ability

I could run fast when I was a child.

2. polite request
Could I borrow your pen?
Could you help me?

3. suggestion
A: I need help in English.
B: You could talk to your English teacher.
You could have talked to your teacher.

4. less than 50% certainty
A: Where's John?
B: He could be at home.
He could have been at home.

5. impossibility (negative only).
That couldn't be true!
That couldn't have been true!

be able to
1. ability
I am able to help you. I will be able to help you.
I was able to help him.

would
1. polite request
Would you please ass salt? Would you mind if I left early?

2. preference
I would rather go to the park than stay home.
I would rather have gone to the park.

3. repeated action in the past

When I was a child, I would visit my grandmother every weekend.

used to
1. repeated action in the past
When I was a child, I would visit my grandmother every weekend.

shall
1. polite question to make a suggestions
Shall I open the window?

2. future with "I" or "we" as subject
I shall leave at nine. (will = more common)

THE FUTURE "BE GOING TO"

THE FUTURE "BE GOING TO"
A. USE

1. The Future Going to is used to talk about a future intention when a decision has already been made and also used to talk about future predictions when there is evidence that something is going to happen.

Be Going To'nun "going" ile hiç bir alakası yoktur ve her zaman "be" ile kullanılır. Yapılması önceden planlanmış eylemleri "Be Going To" ile ifade edebiliriz. Ayrıca gelecekte olması kesin bir durumu ifade ederken yine "Be Going To" kullanılır. Ancak, gelecekle ilgili bir durumu tahmin ediyorsak veya tahminde bulunuyorsak, Will veya Be Going To her ikisi de kullanılabilir.

I feel terrible. I think I'm going to faint.
They're going to meet us in the cafe after the lesson

Look at those clouds! It's going to rain.
According to the weather report, it will / is going to be rainy tomorrow.
We are going to meet each other tonight at 6:00 PM. (Plan)
He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii. (Plan)

The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year. (Prediction)
A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight. (An example for passives)

IRREGULAR VERBS, İngilizce Düzensiz Fiiler Listesi

IRREGULAR VERBS

Infinitive (Present) Simple Past Tense Past Participle
arise arose arisen
awake awoke awoken
am / is / are was, were been
babysit babysat babysat
bear bore borne
beat beat beaten
become became become
befall befell befallen
begin began begun
behold beheld beheld
bend bent bent
bet bet bet
bind bound bound
bite bit bitten
bleed bled bled
blow blew blown
break broke broken
breed bred bred
bring brought brought
build built built
burn burned/burnt burned/burnt
buy bought bought
cast cast cast
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
cling clung clung
come came come
cost cost cost
creep crept crept
cut cut cut
deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
dive dived, dove dived
do did done
drag dragged dragged
draw drew drawn
dream dreamed, dreamt dreamed, dreamt
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
drown drowned drowned
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fit fit fit
flee fled fled
fling flung flung
fly flew flown
forbid forbade forbidden
forget forgot forgotten, forgot
forgive forgave forgiven
forsake forsook forsaken
forswear forswore forsworn
foretell foretold foretold
freeze froze frozen
get got gotten, got
give gave given
go went gone
grind ground ground
grow grew grown
hang (suspend) hung hung
have had had
hang (execute) hanged hanged
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
kneel knelt, kneeled knelt, kneeled
knit knit, knitted knit, knitted
know knew known
lay (put) laid laid
lead led led
leap leapt, leaped leapt, leaped
learn learnt, learned learnt, learned
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie (recline) lay lain
light lighted, lit lighted, lit
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
mislay mislaid mislaid
mislead misled misled
misspeak misspoke misspoken
misspend misspent misspent
pay paid paid
prove proved proved, proven
put put put
quit quit quit
read read read
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
saw sawed sawn
say said said
see saw seen
seek sought sought
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
shake shook shaken
shed shed shed
shine shone shone
shoe shod shod
shoot shot shot
show showed shown
shrink shrank shrunk, shrunken
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
slay slew slain
sleep slept slept
slide slid slid
sling slung slung
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
spill spilled/spilt spilled/spilt
spin spun spun
spit spat/spit spat/spit
spread spread spread
spring sprang sprung
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
sting stung stung
stink stank stunk
strike struck struck, stricken
string strung strung
strive strove striven
swear swore sworn
sweep swept swept
swim swam swum
swing swung swung
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
tread trod trodden
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
understand understood understood
win won won
wind wound wound
withdraw withdrew withdrawn
withhold withheld withheld
withstand withstood withstood
wring wrung wrung
write wrote written

THE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES, IF CLAUSES, ÅžART CÃœMLELERÄ°

THE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES / IF CLAUSES - ÅžART CÜMLELERÄ°
Conditional Sentences, Türkçe'deki Åžart Cümlelerinin Ä°ngilizce'deki karşılığıdır. Åžart, bir ÅŸeyin gerçekleÅŸmesi için baÅŸka bir durumun yerine getirilmesi gereÄŸidir. Åžart cümleleri, bir yan cümlecik (clause) ve bir ana cümleden (main clause) den oluÅŸur.

IF + Clause + Main Clause

Ä°ngilizce'de Åžart Cümlelerinde "If Clause" kısmı ÅŸart veya olasılık belirtir.

CONDITIONAL 0

If I am late, my father takes me to school.

She doesn't worry if Jack stays out after school.

Usage

Situations that are always true if something happens.
Yapı olarak birinci (If Clause) ve ikinci (Main Clause) kısımlarında geniÅŸ zaman kullanılır ve anlam bakımından bahsedilen durum her zaman için geçerlidir.

NOTE

This use is similiar to, and can usually be replaced by, a time clause using 'when' (example: When I am late, my father takes me to school.)
Kullanımı çok basittir ve "if" diÄŸer zaman baÄŸlaçlarından "when" ile deÄŸiÅŸtirildiÄŸinde anlamda pek bir deÄŸiÅŸiklik olmaz.

CONDITIONAL 1

If it rains, we will stay at home.

He will arrive late unless he hurries up.

Peter will buy a new car, if he gets his raise.

Usage

Often called the "real" conditional because it is used for real - or possible - situations. These situations take place if a certain condition is met.
Birinci tip ÅŸart cümlesi, bir durumun karşılanması halinde, günümüzde gerçekleÅŸmesi mümkün olan durumlar için kullanılır. Bir bakıma "real" yani gerçek durumlar için kullanılır. Birinci tip ÅŸart cümlesinde "if clause" kısmı geniÅŸ zaman, "main clause" kısmında ise "future" yani "will" kullanılmalıdır.

NOTE

In the conditional 1 we often use unless which means 'if ... not'. In other words, '...unless he hurries up.' could also be written, '...if he doesn't hurry up.'.

CONDITIONAL 2

If he studied more, he would pass the exam.

I would lower taxes if I were the President.

They would buy a new house if they had more money.

Usage

Often called the "unreal" conditional because it is used for unreal - impossible or improbable - situations. This conditional provides an imaginary result for a given situation.
Ä°kinci tip ÅŸart cümlesi, gerçekte olmayan bir durumun "var olması" ÅŸartıyla ifadede bulunmak için kullanılan ÅŸart cümlesidir. ÖrneÄŸin, "If I had a car now, we would drive there." "ÅŸu an arabam olsaydı, oraya giderdik" cümlesinde kiÅŸinin ÅŸuan arabası olmadığını ve o an arabası olması halinde oraya gidecekleri ifade edilmektedir. Gerçekte olmayan durumlar "Unreal Conditions" için kullanılır. Yapı olarak, "if clause" kısmında geçmiÅŸ zaman, ikinci kısımda (main clause) would+V1 kullanılır.

NOTE

The verb 'to be', when used in the 2nd conditional, is always conjugated as 'were'.

CONDITIONAL 3

If he had known that, he would have decided differently.

Jane would have found a new job if she had stayed in Boston.

Usage

Often referred to as the "past" conditional because it concerns only past situations with hypothetical results. Used to express a hypothetical result to a past given situation.
Üçüncü tip ÅŸart cümlesi, "Unreal Conditional" dediÄŸimiz ikinci tip ÅŸart cümlesinin geçmiÅŸ zaman halidir. GeçmiÅŸte olmuÅŸ bir olayın olmaması, veya farklı olması için söylenmiÅŸ olan, gerçek olmayan geçmiÅŸ zamanın söz konusu olması halinde kullanılır.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STRUCTURE OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Conditional 0 is formed by the use of the present simple in the if clause followed by a comma the present simple in the result clause. You can also put the result clause first without using a comma between the clauses.

If he comes to town, we have dinner

We have dinner if he comes to town.

Conditional 1 is formed by the use of the present simple in the if clause followed by a comma will verb (base form) in the result clause. You can also put the result clause first without using a comma between the clauses.

If he finishes on time, we will go to the movies.

We will go to the movies if he finishes on time.

Conditional 2 is formed by the use of the past simple in the if clause followed by a comma would verb (base form) in the result clause. You can also put the result clause first without using a comma between the clauses.

If they had more money, they would buy a new house.

They would buy a new house if they had more money.

Conditional 3 is formed by the use of the past perfect in the if clause followed by a comma would have past participle in the result clause. You can also put the result clause first without using a comma between the clauses.

If Alice had won the competition, life would have changed.

Life would have changed if Alice had won the competition.

Causatives: (Make, Get, Have, Let, Help), Ä°ngilizce Ettirgen Yap

Causative (Make, Get, Have, Let, Help)

(1) Causative Make

- make can be used as a causative
- Use verb word after a person or thing (No infinitive,No -ing form)
* make + person + verb word
* make + thing + verb word

(ex) I make this radio work.
(ex) I can make your friend work part time in this summer vacation.

(2) Causative Get

- get can be used as a causative
- Use an infinitive after a person and use a participle after thing (No verb word)
* get + person + infinitive
* get + thing + participle

(ex) I got my friend to help this homework.
(ex) I get my house repaired before this winter.

(3) Causative Have

- have can be used as a causative
- Use verb word after a person and use a participle after thing
* have + person + verb word
* have + thing + participle

(ex) I have my car fixed.
(ex) My English teacher had me give oral speaking.

(4) Causative Let

- let can be used as a causative
- let means a person gives permission for another person to do it.
- Use a verb word after a person or thing (No -ing form, No infinitive)
* let + person + verb word
* let + thing + verb word

(ex) I can let this car cool.
(ex) Would you let me join your party?

(5) Causative Help

- help can be used as a causative
- let means a person assists another person to do it.
- Use a verb word or infinitive after a person (No -ing form)
* help + person + infinitive
= help + person + verb word

(ex) I helped her to pack the luggage.
(ex) Would you help me deliver this box?

Complete the sentences with the correct form of have and the verb in brackets.

1. My hair's getting far too long. I need to _______ it _______ . (cut)

2. Noah hates _______ his photo _______ . (take)

3. I've lost my key so I'd better _______ another one _______ . (make)

4. My watch isn't working properly. I ought to _______ it _______ . (repair)

5. I'm going to _______ my suit _______ as there's a coffee stain on the sleeve. (dryclean)

6. It's time we _______ our car ______ . (service)

7. Katie can't find a wedding dress she likes so she's considering _______ one _______ . (make)

8. As this summer is expected to be really hot we're planning on _______ air-conditioning _______. (instal)

9. Jenny's worried she may have a high cholesterol level so she wants to _______ it _______ . (check out)

10. The police suspected the fugitive was hiding somewhere in the building so they _______ it _______ . (search)

ANSWERS

1. have / cut

2. having / taken

3. have / made

4. have / repaired

5. have / drycleaned

6. had / serviced

7. having / made

8. having / installed

9. have / checked out

10. had / searched

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